How Different was English Christianity in the reign of...

This report will compare and contrast how different English Christianity was in the reign of Elizabeth I to the childhood of Roger Martyn. Roger Martyn was a local gentleman who gave a detailed account of his childhood and how Christianity was greatly practiced. Through various time periods of English history, English Christianity differed tremendously. The basic beliefs of Christianity are that Jesus is both fully divine and fully human; humankind is inherently sinful, signifying estrangement from God as well as moral wrongdoing. Jesus, the sinless Son of God is the essential means of reconciliation between God and humankind, Jesus’ teachings, recorded in the New Testament, have unique spiritual and moral authority. Following Jesus’†¦show more content†¦Through Roger Martyns childhood, the religious acceptance of that time was that of Catholics. This was at a time of when King Henry viii was at loggerheads with the papacy over the popes refusal to annul his first marriage to Catherine of Aragon preventing him from marrying Anne Boleyn. Through this period the atmosphere of where Roger Martyns would have prayed was very visual as described by him ‘...there was a goodly mount made of a great tree and setup to the foot of the window there, carved very artificially...’ . there is much detail in Roger Martyns account of the place which he worshipped in Roger Martyns account of the church in which he worshipped proved to have more visual centre pieces and ‘...in the tabernacle at the south end, there was a fair image of our blessed lady [mary, the mother of jesus], having the afflicted body of her dear son, as he was taken down, off the cross, laying along in her lap, the tears, as it were, running down pitifully upon her beautiful cheeks, as it seemed, beduing the said sweet body of her son, and therefore named the image of our lady of pitty...’ By the 1530’s Protestantism grew through the work of Thomas Cranmer who was the archbishop of Canterbury. There were many religious changes when King Henry viii passed away in 1547.this gave way for radical modifications in relation to Christianity and the way in which it was

Music Therapy For Post Traumatic Stress Disorder - 1587 Words

Abstract Traumatic experiences can cause sever anxiety and affective disorders in those that are affected. PTSD, or Post-traumatic stress disorder is such a disorder. This disorder is characterized by over sensitized arousal, hyper-vigilance, or exaggerated startle response. (Clark, 1997, pp. 27) This disorder can create problems with feeling and expressing normal emotions, and controlling anger and anxiety. Music therapy can help those affected with PTSD and other anxiety disorders by helping them to create useful, healthy habits, and to express emotions in a safe way. Since music communicates deep emotions in various areas of the brain, including the hippocampus, it will be seen that music therapy is an effective tool in helping those with anxiety disorders to feel more normalized. (Koelsch, 2010, pp. 313) Music Therapy in Treating Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Great lengths have been made in psychology in understanding and treating PTSD. This affective disorder affects the mood of those affected. Often, PTSD, or post-traumatic stress disorder is a result of a stressful event, or a traumatic experience that a patient is having trouble coping with. Clark (1997) described it as, â€Å"Exposure to a traumatic event in which the person has responded with intense fear, helplessness, or horror.† (pp. 27) Symptoms of PTSD may manifest themselves in a number of ways. Patients who have PTSD may experience a variety of symptoms on affecting mood and temperament. â€Å"Persistent symptoms ofShow MoreRelatedPost Traumatic Stress Disorder Treatment For War Veterans1564 Words   |  7 Pages Post-traumatic stress disorder treatment for war veterans Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD is a psychiatric disorder that may develop after experiencing or seeing a traumatic or a brutal life threatening event. It is increasingly on the rise in war veterans. For those with PTSD only 53 percent have seen physicians or a mental health care provider. 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Non banking financial intermediaries Free Essays

Non Bank Financial Intermediaries are privately owned, decentralized and relatively small-sized financial intermediaries. Some are primarily engaged in fund-based activities and others provide financial services of diverse kinds. The former are know as Non Banking Financial NBFCs had undergone radical transformation. We will write a custom essay sample on Non banking financial intermediaries or any similar topic only for you Order Now The post 1995 overview is depicted with whatever nformation is available. NATURE There are thousands of NBFCs and only a small proportion of them report to the RBI. The RBI (Amendment) Act, 1997 defines NBFC as an â€Å"institution or company whose principal business is to accept deposits under any scheme or arrangement or in any other manner, and to lend in any manner. † As a result, a number of loan and investment companies registered under the Companies act by business houses for the purpose of investment in group companies How to cite Non banking financial intermediaries, Papers

Lennie and Curly Fight Scene, of Mice and Men free essay sample

Reputations are crushed in a dramatic break of violence between two men on a ranch in Soledad. Curly (who instigated the fight) became very jealous and cautious of bold but not too bright Lennie Small. Curly began agitated as he could not find his wife. He then began to assume the worst (involving other men working on the ranch). He soon grew embarrassed when he found these assumptions not to be true. Taking this rage out on Lennie, he began to punch and beat the child like man. Lennie defenseless and bewildered looked around the room for instructions when old friend George soon directed him to fight back, leading to the small man to look even smaller. Following these events we now caught up with curly and witness Carlson in a exclusive interview, which reveals all hidden thoughts and secrets. In your opinion, how did the fight begin? Curly- I know relies what a child he is, a push over really. We will write a custom essay sample on Lennie and Curly Fight Scene, of Mice and Men or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Carlson-things just grew outta ‘and real quick between ‘em. Who is to blame (directed at Carlson)? Carlson-ummm†¦. I think Curlys wife. How do you feel about that Curly? Curly-well I’m obviously not ‘appy. She’s a nice gurl, purty too. I love ‘er so I don’t care what they think, its irrelevant. What are your impressions on Lennie Small? Curly-umm well he’s†¦umm (Long pause) he’s um big. Carlson-good old Lennie. He seems like a really nice lad. Stupid, doesn’t understand what’s going on out in the real world and always looks to George, some other guy he travels with which is strange. But he’s a nice guy. Big and strong. We also hear from a hidden source Lennie and travel partner George had a bad past in their previous ranch in weed, involving Lennie. IS this just a broken record?

Mapleton Education Foundation Scholarship free essay sample

Mapleton Education Foundation Scholarship 1. Tell us something about you. 2. What are your future goals and dreams? 3. How will this scholarship help you meet those dreams? 4. Why should YOU be chosen for this scholarship? I am a charro that is basically like an American cowboy. I have inherited this from my dad and his dad. I am one of the few teenagers that I have seen participate here in Colorado. I ride bulls, mares, and do trick roping. I have only competed twice; we placed second both times out of four teams. The first time I competed my team was low on points. It was my turn to ride the bull and it wasn’t able to buck me off, after that I had to ride the mare which luckily did not buck. Finally I had to do what is called â€Å"El Paso De La Muerte† this is where I have to jump from my horse bare back to another horse while they are running and I did it. We will write a custom essay sample on Mapleton Education Foundation Scholarship or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This scored my team a lot of points and everyone was impressed. The second time I competed I broke my foot when I was getting ready to ride the bull which made me have to quit the team. I didn’t ever really join until I stopped hanging out with a group of gangsters which was at the end of the tenth grade. I knew that what I was doing was bad and that I had to stop because I was giving a bad example for my younger brothers and cousins. â€Å"What would you like to be when you grow up?† I have always been asked this question and it didn’t change until about four years ago. I always wanted to work in construction like my father, until I realized it’s not a fun job. The pay is fine but the work is tough. My father comes home eats a snack and waits for dinner to be ready. He tells me about how exhausted he gets after working more than 40 hours. After noticing that this is all he does I knew that I would never want to work his job. My plans changed and I didn’t know what I wanted to become. The day I heard about a construction manager, I knew that that was what I wanted to become and that college is what would get me there. This scholarship will help me get through college because if I get through one I will know that I can finish. If I had to start working right after high school and still go to college it would be extremely hard for me. My parents are divorced and I am living with father. It has been difficult on me because I am the second oldest and I have to watch the younger ones. My dad is living with my auntie, and my mom has her own place. They don’t have much money to help me with college. So I will be depending mostly on financial aid, scholarships and a part time job. I don’t want to get a lot of student loans because I hear that they put people in debt. That will give a good example for my younger brothers and sister and my family will be very proud of me. I should be chosen for this scholarship because I knowing that I have a greater chance at going to college I will take the opportunity to do something great with my life. I want to prove to my parents that I can go to collage and graduate from collage which is something that no one in my family has done. I am already on track by taking two college level classes while being a junior. I changed myself around from failing classes to passing them all and even getting accepted for the college classes. That’s why I think I should be chosen for this scholarship.

STANISLAVSKI essays

STANISLAVSKI essays In the 19th century Russian Theatre was very unreal and the monopoly of the imperil theatres had been abolished in 1882. So after the abolishment plays were put on to make quick profits. The theatre Stanislavski came to was in a state and he ne he had to do something about it. The rehearsal process did not last that long. It only took 7 days from start to finish which is totally different from now a days. The first rehearsal consists of the actors reading their parts book in hand and the prompter was silent. The director gave actors moves for Act 1 and 2. These moves would barley relate to the script and what the character would be doing at the time. They would be told to pace up and down to show nervous state while wringing their hands If an actor asked to sit because their character would do that they were told how can you possibly sit down when you are supposed to be nervous? Day two and this continued for Acts 3 and 4. Day three and day four was the actors rehearsed their line and moves they had been tote the days before. They spoke in half voice for this. Day five and the line should be learnt but usually never were. Day six, the actors play without the script but still in half voice. The prompter would be in full voice so he was heard. Day seven, the actors play in full voice with make-up, costume and set. That night would be the performance. Often the actors took over and ignored the director thinking they new better. Actor would move to the front to deliver their lines to the audience and never the other character they were meant to talking to, as this was the style at the time. The script would be ignored and sometimes actors made their lines up and never learned them. Actors that couldn't be bothered to learn their lines moved DSC to the prompter's box and were spoon-fed their lines. The sets were set up so the actors could deliver their line straight out front. Set...

Portfolio Management Master Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Portfolio Management Master - Essay Example Thereafter the effects on smaller securities will be masked by those of larger portfolio. (Gruber 26). This is not to imply that returns will increase with sensitivity to the said factors. Because some factor that are prices cannot be diversified yet are persuasive, they will definitely affect the price returns as opposed to those that are unpriced yet can be diversified. Therefore the distinction of priced and unpriced factors defines the first role of APT in portfolio management. An example of this role in deciding to buy steels that are not persuasive to current prices, is for the APT manager to decide how to buy knowing they will not get extra returns. (Gruber 26), (Anonymous 337 - 352) Secondly, the manager must ensure that there is enough knowledge of choosing steel stocks to cover the extended risks and must also ensures that this risk is spread across several securities. Thus, the APT process must guarantee trade offs as prices make returns sensitive. This means that there is neither a good or bad decision, rather, risk return aim are the most guiding factors. (Gruber 26). Thirdly, APT will influence choice of portfolio depending on income. ... (Gruber 26) Therefore by use of Arbitrage Pricing Theory, the management will lay out a portfolio that considers several factors of influence under the prevailing market conditions. Thereafter priced risks will persuade the investor to take the greatest risk similar to CAPM. Risk will vary with sensitivity of the influences. However the market portfolio has no significance role in the decision of market performance. (Gruber 27). Hypothesis: Whenever the CEO of a company retires, an excess return can be made by buying the company's stock. This hypothesis can be tested by research into the retirement of famous CEO of companies that are listed in the stock exchange markets. Examples of key CEOs who have retired are Lee Raymond from Exxon Mobil (XOM), John Kanas from North Folk Bancorp, Robert Nardelli from Home Depot, Stan O'Neal from Merrill Lynch. A list of up to 50 CEOs who have retired from listed companies will need to be made to make up study of individual retirement and stock sale cases. (Oduma 1) Next research will need to be done to establish which which stocks sales went up or down as soon as the CEO of the respective companies retired from the listed companies. The assumptions to be held are that the stock quantities are stable as well as there price fluctuations. If more than 50% of these results reflect this statement, then the hypothesis can be said to hold. If not then the hypothesis in null. (Oduma 1) A long side this research, there will be need to identify factors that have previously led to increased buying of company stock. In this case, the issue of CEO's retirement will need to

Understanding the Concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Understanding the Concepts - Essay Example A current ratio is considered good if is above 1.0. Another ratio of importance for small business owners is net margin. The net margin is a financial metric that measures the absolute profitability of a company. It is calculated diving net income by total sales. A third ratio I would emphasis is return on assets (ROA). Return on assets measures the effectiveness of the owners or managers to generate net income from its assets. As a manager of a large corporation I would target other ratios that small business owners do not consider. The earnings per share (EPS) is an important ratio due to the fact that it measures the amount of income generated per common stock outstanding. A high EPS positively impacts the market value of a common stock. A second financial metric that corporations have to consider is the dividend payout ratio. The dividend payout ratio is an index showing whether a company pays out most of its earnings in dividends or reinvests the earnings internally. A third rat io I would pay close too is inventory turnover. Inventory turnover is calculated dividing cost of goods sold by average inventory balance. It measures how many times a company’s inventory has been sold during a year. Debt financing occurs when companies borrow money from other parties to finance its operations. Three types of debt financing instruments are loans, notes payables, and corporate bonds. The federal government is one of the biggest players in the debt industry. One of the greatest benefits of debt financing is the ability to raise large amounts of money to be paid in monthly payments. Each monthly payment is composed of two portions: equity and interest. Bonds are an advantageous instrument due to the fact that the principal of the bond is paid back at maturity age. A disadvantage of debt financing is the high interest rates that are paid to the lender. Companies with excellent credit scores are able to borrow money at lower prices. Sometimes companies prefer to r aise capital using debt instead of equity because the sale of stocks dilutes the value of the stocks and it lowers the control of the existing owners. The financial results of a company are correlated with the risks taken by the management team of the company. Higher risks propositions tend to have higher return associated with the option. Risk adverse managers do not like risk, thus they avoid it at all costs. From the perspective of an investor purchasing stocks has more risk than investing in treasury bills. Bonds that pay a higher coupon rates have higher risks than lower paying bonds. Two companies that rate corporate and governmental bonds are Moody’s and Standard & Poor’s. The highest rated bond grades are AAA by Moody’s and Aaa by Standard & Poor’s. A financial variable that can be used to measure the risks of a company is the beta coefficient. The beta of a company measures how sensitive a common stock is in relation to fluctuations in the market . A company with a Beta of one moves in the same direction as the market. Companies with fluctuations above one are more sensitive to market fluctuations. A beta below one implies the company is not sensitive to fluctuations in the market. Beta can also be used as part of the formula of the capital pricing asset model (CAPM). The formula to calculate the capital asset pricing model is Ks = Krf +B(Km-Krf) (McCracken, 2009). CAPM compares the risk of a company against the entire

The Information Systems Development Life Cycle Assignment

The Information Systems Development Life Cycle - Assignment Example The researcher states that in the photograph printing store, the components (phases) in the SDLC will be the steps to be taken to migrate to a new computerized and more accurate (tamper-proof) employee time-entry system and analyzes each step. Planning – this is the very first or initial phase of the SDLC and ideas here are discussed such as what the proposed computerized system is expected to solve (problems like the lost punch cards, inaccurate timekeeping, and employee cheating – punching for an absent employee). The costs will also be discussed and the time frame needed to fully implement this new system. Creating – the hardware requirements will be specified including a software program to run the whole system. A total number of employees, backup systems, desired features and all other operational details are created at this point so that management expectations can be met. Testing – the new system will be tried if there are kinks or bugs in it so rem edies and patches can be applied immediately prior to actual implementation and avoid future problems. Deploying – once the new system is complete and fully operational (bug-free), it will now be implemented throughout the entire store and employees are required to use it. The new system can then be integrated into the firm’s payroll system to automatically compute wages and salaries for the employees based on their time records to generate a payroll.

Looking At Imperial Identity In Rudyard Kipling English Literature Essay

Looking At Imperial Identity In Rudyard Kipling English Literature Essay The work of Edward Said has long been fuel for much critical debate; In Orientalism, Said argues that the whole notion of the Orient is a body of culture, academic and political work that tries to identify the East as them in terms that have evolved through Western Imperialism. In Orientalism, Said quotes Rudyard Kiplings work as exemplifying colonial attitudes to Oriental peoples. (REF) The aim of this essay is to explore the critical material written about the work of Kipling, in particular Kim and The Jungle Books. By using the work of Said as a foundation and starting point to critique Kiplings work, I plan to explore how Kipling presents his young heroes, Kim and Mowgli. According to Saids analysis, there are two factors that must be kept in mind when interpreting Kim. One being that, its author was writing not just from the dominating viewpoint of a white man in a colonial possession but from the perspective of a colossal colonial system whose economy, functioning, and history had acquired the status of a virtual fact of nature. (162) Kipling assumes an essentially uncontested empire of colonies made up of inferior humans. The division between white and non-white was absolute in India and other colonial areas, and is alluded to throughout Kim as well as the rest of Kiplings work: a Sahib is a Sahib and no amount of friendship or camaraderie can change the rudiments of racial difference. (162) According to Said, Kipling would no more have questioned that difference and the right of the white European to rule than he would have argued with the Himalayas. (163) Similar to Said, S. P. Mohanty in his essay, Kiplings Children and the Colour Line, explores this division between the white and non-white. Mohanty argues that Kim has to be read in terms of racial positions and the imperial project. In particular he focuses on issues of spying, scouting, observing and managing: a distinctly political project shaping racial meanings, identities and possibilities. He suggests that Kim is a white hero who can discard his colour as he wishes: He lives and sleeps and east in the open social world of colonial India against a backdrop of an inter-Imperial war between Britain and Russia, but his identity is never something that ties him down. (241) Kim is of white heritage, yet grew up as a street urchin in Lahore, in the care of a half caste Indian woman. Mohanty argues that it is when we begin to take Kims cultural identity seriously as the character can become real and the reader begins to pay attention to the narratives elusive and mystifying cultural vision and wonder about the sources of its motivation. (242) The critic explains that once we being to question Kims education, direct parallels can be drawn to Kims ancestor, Mowgli. Both Kim and Mowgli learn to adapt to strange surroundings and attain a knowledge that enables them to survive their harsh worlds. (242) Mowgli is adopted by the wolves and befriended by the rest of the jungle animals, yet still holds a level of superiority. However in an example that Mohanty gives, taken from the opening of The Kings Ankus, Mowgli and Kaa the python are playing: the fantasy is here not so much of pure freedom as of involvement without any real implication. Kaa could crush Mowgli with the slightest slip; and what Mowgli plays with, in fact, is precisely this. Their inequality reduces to a game. From the beginning of the story, Kaa acknowledges the young human as the Master of the Jungle, and brings the boy all the news that he hears. (243) It is suggested by Mohanty that Mowgli like Kim reveals the capacity to not only inhabit the jungle through a wishful allegorical fantasy, but also to chart and track it as well both of them have the ability to read the world around them and often better than the natives. The native boys Kim is compared with somehow lack the facility that make reading possible, remarks the critic. Another example he gives of this inequality is when Lurgan Sahib teaches Kim and the Indian boy how to observes peoples faces and reactions, to interpret their behaviour and identify motive, Kim seems to learn it quickly, whilst the native boy is left mysteriously handicapped (244) The second factor is that Said recognises is that Kipling was a historical being as well an author; Kim was written at a specific moment in his career, and at a time when the relationship between the British and Indian people was changing. When we read it today, Kiplings Kim can touch many of these issues. Does Kipling portray the Indians as inferior, or as somehow equal but different? Obviously, an Indian reader will give an answer that focuses on some factors more than others (for example, Kiplings stereotypical views some would call them racialist on the Oriental character) whereas English and American readers will stress his affection for Indian life on the Grand Trunk Road. Sandra Kemp in her 1988 study entitled Kiplings Hidden Narratives, tries to understand and link the relationship between the authors psychology and the authors work. She notes that Kipling was strongly opposed to Indian Nationalism (2) and used his public figure as a writer to draw attention to politics and the political climate in India. Like Said recognises, India was entering a post-Muntiny state and both critics propound the influence of this on Kipling. (2) Baa Baa, Black Sheep, Kiplings semi-autobiographical account of childhood, he reveals recurrent preoccupations as the story dramatizes the difference between the East and West. Throughout his writings Kipling seems to be searching for a structure of belief that would recognise the reality of both love and hate, and the reality of their co-existence. Kemp encapsulates the search for identity within Kim, stating that this structures the action: Who is Kim-Kim-Kim? Quoting this extract from Kim again is Zorah T. Sullivan, who notes that this inner quest and search for an identity suggest possible self-discovery. Sullivan examines Kim and Mowglis mutual [division] between their desire to be loved and their need to control and be feared. (i) Quoting from The Second Jungle Book all the Jungle was his friend, and just a little afraid of him (130). This coincides with Mohantys point regarding Kaa and Mowlgis play fighting. Sullivan identifies that the India Kipling created helped to construct a mythology of imperialism by reflecting both the real and the imaginary relationship between the British and their Indian subjects. (8) By acknowledging the work of Kemp, Sullivan expands upon how Kemp illuminates Foucaults and Saids earlier work on the problems of representing Others: knowledge of others reflects the power of the knowing coloniser who represents natives because they cannot represent themselves. (9) Sullivans work counters Kiplings reputation as bard of empire whose voice represents unproblematically and transparently the discourse of imperialism. Peter Havholm suggests that Saids demonstration of the Orientalism assumed by the implied authors of important English and French novels has set the parameters for much other recent discussion about Kiplings fiction. (2008, 5) According to him, fellow critics such as Sullivan and Moore-Gilbert line up against Saids conclusions; They read ambivalence, anxiety, and a range of complexities in the discourse that may be abstracted form Kiplings stories. (5) Although Saids work added colonial discourse analysis to the art and life of Kipling, this analysis focuses more on the rhetoric of Kiplings fiction than its form. However Havholm observes that the discussion Said started is both productive and fascinating. (4) Bart Moore-Gilbert is another critic who is synonymous with Kipling. In his 1986 study Kipling and Orientalism, Moore-Gilbert seeks to explore Kiplings relationship to the characteristic discourses of Anglo-Indian culture, principally the literary and the political in the 19th Century, as well as providing a critique on Saids Orientalism. Edward Said believes that every form of orientalism is based on simplistic stereotypes that help justify the Wests imperialistic goal of restructuring and dominating oriental cultures. Moore-Gilbert suggests that Saids writing is inadequate and generalises the British relationship to India and Kiplings outlook in his Anglo-Indian writings. Moore-Gilbert acknowledges Saids position. Despite his sympathy for Indian ways, as aforementioned, Kipling feared native rule and was in full support of the British Raj. Moore-Gilbert treats this as a regrettable short-coming, proving that Kipling was a prisoner of his cultural values and proposes that Anglo-Indians and Kipling were not always bigoted imperialists as Said may suggest. Through Moore-Gilberts work, a reassessment of Saids hypothesis of Kiping is formed. John McBratneys article Imperial Subjects, Imperial Space argues that the ordering element of Kiplings vision of empire is the native-born Westerner who inhabits his fictions so insistently. Surrounding the native born is felicitous space or a narrative area in which arising social constraints are suspended and where one can engage in a free experiment of personal identity and social role: Given the tension between juvenile freedom and imperial duty, what finally is the nature of Mowglis identity? (279) Similar to some of the other critics discussed in this essay, McBratney too draws upon Kiplings own identity, and his ability to float between the Anglo-Indian and Indian societies, without religious or social sanctum (282) just like Kim and Mowgli. The special abilities that allow the native-born to play these roles derive from his identity as neither exclusively British nor simply native. This study also provides the most thorough analysis of that figures hybrid, casteless selfhood in relation to shifting attitudes toward racial identity during Britains New Imperialism. illuminates both the complexities of subject construction in the late Victorian and Edwardian periods and the struggles today over identity formation in the postcolonial world. Moore-Gilbert has critiqued the work of McBratney, regearding it as a fine critical text (2000, 100). The focus of the native born which features heavily within McBratneys article leads to Moore-Gilbert praising him for highlighting that Mowgli is in fact Indian born and there a native himself. However studies from Mohanty and Sullivan highlight that regardless of whether Mowgli is Indian, the jungle become an allegorical platform and he is still an outsider in a strange world. From the critical material explored here, the issue of identity in Kim and The Jungle Books can be seen to be a highly debated topic, of which I have only scraped the surface, with the reoccurring issues of race and cultural factors being behind and self-confusion. Kemp, as many of the other critics concur, uses Kiplings self-reflexivity of his stories, and his stories interrogate the other-self of his childhood (1) Kiplings own confusion of racial and cultural identity is reflected within his writing, not only in Kim and The Jungle Books, but across all of his Indian fiction. This is something that maybe needs to be taken into consideration, as Moore-Gilbert does, when assessing the work of Kipling, using Said as critical foundation.

San Diego Mormon Temple and the Chartres Cathedral in France Essay

San Diego Mormon Temple and the Chartres Cathedral in France The San Diego Mormon Temple bases its architecture on gothic roots; where the epitome of early gothic architecture is the Chartres Cathedral in France. The Mormon Temple is made of white aggregate stone and stucco, very angular and massive, built as a Gothic revival temple. Designed by William Lewis, Jr., the architect took into consideration Mormon temples in Salt Lake City and Washington, D.C. Hugely bulky at the base, the Mormon Temple rises from an enormous mound of earth, that conceals the lower floor. Built for the Mormons residing in Southern California, this temples marks the forty-fifth Mormon temple in the world. However, since its closing to the public in April 1993, only Mormons in "good standing" are now able to enter and use this massive structure. Situated in a suburban community of La Jolla/University City, the 59,000 square foot building is surrounded by shopping centers, residential areas and office buildings. There is no escaping the "angular, white monstrosity's" impact on the city. The gothic/space age temple capitalizes on an elevated sites that is close to the freeway, where thousands of motorists pass it daily. The original Chartres Cathedral was designed by Fulbert and lasted until 1194, when a fire destroyed almost the entire church. The townspeople pulled together to make a large contribution to the reconstruction of the cathedral (Miller, Malcolm, Chartres Cathedral, Riverside Book Company, 1980, p.5). The present Chartres Cathedral is largely the work of the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries. However, there are substantial remains of older monuments, notably in the crypt and on the wes... .... The rituals and ceremonies that occurred in that time, fit the design of the church. Similarly, the Mormon Temple's unusual shaped rooms and structures fits the uses intended for them by the Latter Day Saints. The San Diego Temple is not by any means a duplicate of the Chartres Cathedral. It merely borrowed some aesthetic features characteristic of the Gothic style of architecture. The Chartres Cathedral can be seen as the bridge between the early to high Gothic periods back in medieval times, a classic. The Mormon Temple, however, is only a conglomeration of architectural elements designed to meet the needs of the Latter Day Saints. It cannot be put in the same class as classical Cathedral of Chartres. The two churches, while both drawing attention to themselves, one does it in a classical way, the other, making a spectacle of itself. href=index.html> back to va11